A relação entre arte e vida em vigotski: uma análise conceitual / The relationship between art and life in vygotsky: a conceptual analysis / La relación entre arte y vida en vigotski: un análisis conceptual

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre arte e vida segundo Vigotski. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise conceitual dos capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 e 11 da Psicologia da Arte, do capítulo 13 da Psicologia Pedagógica e do texto O significado histórico da crise da Psicologia: Uma investigação metodológica. A pesquisa conceitual consiste na análise semântica dos principais conceitos de uma teoria com o intuito de elucidar seus sentidos ocultos ou confusos e desvendar possíveis contradições e ambiguidades no quadro teórico. Podemos observar que a arte é um fenômeno dialético tanto em sua criação como em seus efeitos. A influência da vida, isto é, da realidade sócio-histórica, na criação artística é indireta, pois ela é sempre mediada pelo psiquismo particular do artista. Já o efeito da arte sobre a vida possibilita que o ser humano se conscientize de sua realidade social e se engaje para mudá-la. A arte é, portanto, transformadora, pois reorganiza o psiquismo e possibilita uma mudança nas condições materiais dos seres humanos.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between art and life according to Vygotsky. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of chapters 1, 7, 9, 10, and 11 of Psychology of Art, chapter 13 of Educational Psychology and the text The Historical meaning of the Crisis of Psychology: A Methodological Investigation was carried out. Conceptual research consists of the semantic analysis of the main concepts of a theory to elucidate its hidden or confused meanings and to reveal possible contradictions and ambiguities in the theoretical framework. Results show that art is a dialectical phenomenon both in its creation and its effects. The influence of life, that is, of socio-historical reality, on artistic creation is indirect since it is always mediated by the artist's particular psyche. The effect of art on life, on the other hand, allows human beings to become aware of their social reality and engage to change it. Art is, therefore, transformative, as it reorganizes the psyche and enables a change in the material conditions of human beings.(AU)

Este proyecto tuve como objetivo analizar la relación entre el arte y la vida, según Vigotski. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis de los capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 y 11 de Psicología del arte, del capítulo 13 de Psicología Pedagógica y del texto Él significado histórico de la crisis de la Psicología: una investigación metodológica. La pesquisa conceptual consiste en la analice semántica de los conceptos de una teoría, para aclarar sus significados ocultos o confusos y desvendar contradicciones y ambigüedades em el cuadro teórico. Pudimos observar que, el arte es un fenómeno dialéctico en su creación tanto como en sus efectos. La influencia de la vida, esto es, de la realidad socio-histórica, en la creación artística es indirecta, pues es mediada por el psiquismo particular de lo artista. Así, el efecto del arte sobre la vida habilita que lo ser humano adquiera conciencia de su realidad social y que se comprometa a cambiarla. El arte, consiguientemente, transformadora, pues reorganiza lo psiquismo y habilita un cambio en las condiciones materiales de los seres humanos.(AU)

Motivations of the participants who post a message in an online health forum: a qualitative and quantitative descriptive study in French health forum Doctissimo.

BACKGROUND: For more than 20 years, and despite the development of new social networks, health forums have remained a privileged place for people to discuss health issues. This study investigates the motivations of participants to post a message on a French online health forum (called 'Doctissimo') (Forum Santé - Doctissimo,  2022). METHOD: Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019, all the first messages recorded on the health forum doctissimo ( www.forum.doctissimo.fr ) were selected in their initial format by a crawler. The transcripts were imported into the qualitative analysis software Nvivo. Two researchers coded the data until a theoretical saturation was obtained. RESULTS: We identified four categories of motivation: 1) 'Questioning' allows the exchange of mainly medical information, or sharing of feedback on experiences with the disease: 1722 codes, 44.8%, 2) Worry, need for reassurance: 1066 codes, 27.7% about symptoms or anticipatory anxiety, 3) 'Expressing oneself' mainly allows a catharsis and thus an emotional release, especially negative, but also to share a personal experience: 764 codes 19.9%, 4) Community spirit is a central element to create an emotional support group for psychological support, exchange ideas, meet people in similar situations: 291 codes, 7.6%. The relationship with a health professional when mentioned is generally marked by doubts 39.5%, confusion, or lack of information and the need for additional elements 64.6% or reassurance 60%. The relationship and the obstacles to a medical consultation are described in relation to the use of the forum: immediate availability, anonymity, absence of taboo and community spirit. CONCLUSION: The use of information sources offered by the Internet is a way to ask questions, to be reassured, to express oneself or to be confirmed by the community in the hypothesis emitted by a health professional. Patients are looking for an immediate answer, they come to the community for reassurance, they feel free and legitimate.

The effects of written catharsis on anger relief.

Previous studies have found that "general catharsis", such as hitting sandbags, does not reduce but increases an individual's anger feeling and aggressive behavior. Although the "goal catharsis" that is directed at attacking targets can temporarily relieve anger, there is a risk of increasing the tendency of aggressive personality if it is used for a long time. These findings raise serious doubts and challenges to the traditional view that "anger must be released" held by the classic catharsis theory that many people still trust. The present study compared the effects of "general catharsis" and "goal catharsis" on anger-related responses among Chinese people, and the Chinese written form of catharsis was used in this study. The results showed that after participants were provoked, the aggressive behavior of participants who wrote down their dissatisfaction (general catharsis condition) was significantly higher than that of participants who wrote to attack someone who irritated them (goal catharsis condition) as well as that of participants who completed a simple recall task (control condition), and there was no significant difference in the aggressive behavior level between the latter two cases. These results suggest that the catharsis effect is no better than a simple recall task similar to attention distraction, that is, aggressive catharsis is not an effective way for anger relief.

Development of a Scale Measuring Emotional Catharsis through Illness Narratives.

OBJECTIVE: This study intended to construct a scale measuring the catharsis effect on medical professionals or students through illness narratives (ECS-IN). METHODS: After a systematic literature review and panel discussion, the researchers conducted a pilot study with a sample of seven hundred and eighty-two randomly selected healthcare students and providers in Taiwan to examine psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for item derivation and factor extraction. The researchers also tested the validities and reliabilities of the ECS-IN scale to confirm its feasibility. RESULTS: the EFA yielded 29 items and three factors: "emotional identification as self-healing" (12 items; 55.500% of variance explained), "emotional release for compensation" (10 items; 7.465% of variance explained), and "emotional adjustment for intellectual growth" (7 items; 4.839% of variance explained). The CFA yielded an 18-item, three-factor model with satisfactory fit to the data, where the χ2/df ratio = 1.090, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.996, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.997, and root mean square of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.020. The convergent validity and discriminant validities also demonstrated the feasibility of the ECS-IN scale. For the first version of the ECS-IN scale (29 items), the Cronbach's alphas for the three factors and the overall scale were in the range between 0.912 and 0.971; for the reduced version of the scale (18 items), the Cronbach's alphas and composite reliabilities were in the range of 0.888-0.946 and 0.890-0.968. CONCLUSION: The findings proved that the ECS-IN could be a reliable and valid instrument to assess participants' emotional catharsis through illness narratives.

To be alive when dying: moral catharsis and hope in patients with limited life prognosis.

The Stoics considered that in order to die well, one must previously have lived (well) and not merely existed, an assertion which will not be contested in this paper. The question raised here is whether an individual whose life expectancy is jeopardized by serious illness or whose life has not been lived to the 'full' for whatever reason should have to abandon all hope or, alternately, whether that life could still somehow be saved (in an ethical sense). One clear obstacle to achieving this stems from (bad) moral character, given that moral character is an element which conditions an individual's moral behaviour, as pointed out by Beauchamp and Childress and particularly Pellegrino and Thomasma. The transformation of moral character requires time and effort but the testimonies of patients who have given their lives a radical new direction upon being diagnosed with a serious illness seem to show the existence of a peculiar phenomenon of moral catharsis. In this paper we attempt to illustrate that this alleged phenomenon is not the result of a kind of cataleptic impression but rather the result of a dialectic and narrative process, during which a first hope of healing is dashed, unveiling a new sense in the illness. Its fulfillment provides the patient with a final hope.

A Phenomenological Study of Mental Health Enhancement in Taekwondo Training: Application of Catharsis Theory.

In modern society, catharsis is often understood as the relieving of stress, and the psychological and medical effects of catharsis are well known even to ordinary people. There are many studies showing that physical activity is a good tool for managing and promoting mental health. However, there are not many studies on Taekwondo training and catharsis. Therefore, we conducted a study explaining catharsis as mental health promotion in Taekwondo training. This study explores mental health enhancement of Taekwondo training by using a phenomenological methodology. Phenomenology is a theory that seeks to understand an individual's recognition of their own subjectivity rather than explaining objective factors about an individual. We collected data from interviews with 12 students who had been members of a university Taekwondo demonstration team. The phenomenological results were expressed as six themes: (1) vicarious purgation of repressed emotions, (2) emotional catharsis through pity and fear, (3) catharsis from ethics, (4) catharsis through mimesis, (5) catharsis from vicarious satisfaction through teammates, (6) catharsis from being the object of envy. Taekwondo, a traditional Korean martial art, is a physical activity that allows people to experience catharsis, which is a mental health effect of sports.

Violent Video Games and Aggression: Stimulation or Catharsis or Both?

Effects of violent video games on aggression remain contentious despite decades of empirical investigations. Using eight-wave panel data collected from 662 South Korean adolescents (grades 4, 7, and 10) for a 4-year period (number of observations = 5,296), the current research critically tested competing hypotheses concerning the relations between violent video games and aggression. In so doing, we directly compared the results from dynamic fixed-effects (FE) regression with those from conventional contemporaneous FE regression to observe if different statistical models yield different outcomes. Consistent with the catharsis hypothesis, the dynamic FE model showed that violent (vs. nonviolent) game playing significantly lowered both verbal and physical aggression among heavy players, with no corresponding effect of the game type for light players. By contrast, results from the contemporaneous FE model lent support to the stimulation hypothesis, with violent game playing leading to increased physical aggression as well as verbal aggression among heavy players. Violent game playing did not significantly affect anger and hostility, but overall game time did, although in opposite directions depending on the statistical model. Specifically, the dynamic FE model indicated a significant reduction of the negative emotions as a result of increased game playing, whereas the contemporaneous FE model showed a significant increase in both emotions. Methodological implications and directions for future research are discussed.

A dermatologist's peek at emigration and professionalism: Looking at the stream from the inside.

Much can be read on migration of health workers, on the impact of immigrations on the receiving countries, and on professional insertion in new labor markets. The terms to search are many: "reinsertion," "professionalism," "migration flow," "readjustment," and "immigrant qualified professionals." When asked to narrow it down to personal experience, one needs to reduce many of this complex and faceless processes to a more intimate view. Other terms come into mind: "self-esteem," "resilience," "nostalgia," "renaissance," "mimesis," and "catharsis." A special focus is placed on the Venezuelan diaspora, as a recent global migration group who has left the country, leaving behind a scarce 60% task force of formally trained physicians, a trend that continues today.

Revisión sistemática sobre la reducción de efectos emocionales negativos en trabajadores del área de emergencias y catástrofes mediante técnicas de catarsis / Systematic Review of the Reduction of Negative Emotional Effects in Emergency and Disaster Response Workers Through Catharsis Techniques

OBJETIVO: Analizar las técnicas de catarsis empleadas en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática realizada en 7 bases de datos bibliográficas Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO y otras fuentes secundarias, para artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2017, con los términos «catarsis», «emergencias», «debriefing» y «estrés post-traumático». RESULTADOS: Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 5 artículos. Los estudios muestran que es común entre el personal sanitario la exposición al sufrimiento y a las experiencias traumáticas, suponiendo repercusiones negativas manifestadas a nivel físico, psicológico y cognitivo tras situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. Para algunos autores, el debriefing ofrece un lugar para descargar las emociones y reducir el impacto del estrés en la vida de los trabajadores de emergencia actuando como una red de apoyo para que dichos trabajadores puedan reconstruir sus experiencias y verbalizar sus pensamientos y sentimientos, así como reducir el impacto en sus vidas. Para otros en cambio, esta técnica no es eficaz para todos los profesionales y su uso puede conllevar consecuencias negativas. CONCLUSIONES: El debriefing es una intervención breve que promueve la catarsis. Sin embargo, existe una gran controversia sobre su eficacia y la manera de aplicar esta intervención. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la heterogeneidad existente en la aplicación de técnicas de catarsis en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencia y catástrofes

AIM: To analyze catharsis techniques used with professionals assisting victims of emergencies and disasters. METHODS: Systematic review carried out in seven bibliographic databases: MEDLINE-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and other secondary sources, for articles published between 2008 and 2017, with the terms "catarsis", "emergencies", "debriefing" y "post-traumatic stress". Publication and selection biases were taken into account. RESULTS: Five reviews met the study inclusion criteria. Distress and traumatic experiences following an emergency or disaster are very common among health professionals, with adverse repercussions at the physical, psychological and cognitive levels. Some authors find that debriefing offers an opportunity for emotional release and toreduce the impact of stress on the lives of emergency responders, acting as a support network where they can reconstruct their experiences, express their thoughts and feelings, and reduce the impact on their lives. For other authors, however, this technique is not always effective for all professionals and may lead to negative consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Debriefing is a common intervention that promotes catharsis. However, there is considerable controversy over its implementation and effectiveness. This study identified a diversity of catharsis techniques applied to staff responding to emergencies and disasters

[Systematic Review of the Reduction of Negative Emotional Effects in Emergency and Disaster Response Workers Through Catharsis Techniques]. / Revisión sistemática sobre la reducción de efectos emocionales negativos en trabajadores del área de emergencias y catástrofes mediante técnicas de catarsis.

AIM: To analyze catharsis techniques used with professionals assisting victims of emergencies and disasters. METHODS: Systematic review carried out in seven bibliographic databases: MEDLINE-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and other secondary sources, for articles published between 2008 and 2017, with the terms "catharsis", "emergencies", "debriefing" y "post-traumatic stress". Publication and selection biases were taken into account. RESULTS: Five reviews met the study inclusion criteria. Distress and traumatic experiences following an emergency or disaster are very common among health professionals, with adverse repercussions at the physical, psychological and cognitive levels. Some authors find that debriefing offers an opportunity for emotional release and toreduce the impact of stress on the lives of emergency responders, acting as a support network where they can reconstruct their experiences, express their thoughts and feelings, and reduce the impact on their lives. For other authors, however, this technique is not always effective for all professionals and may lead to negative consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Debriefing is a common intervention that promotes catharsis. However, there is considerable controversy over its implementation and effectiveness. This study identified a diversity of catharsis techniques applied to staff responding to emergencies and disasters.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las técnicas de catarsis empleadas en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática realizada en 7 bases de datos bibliográficas Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO y otras fuentes secundarias, para artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2017, con los términos «catarsis¼, «emergencias¼, «debriefing¼ y «estrés post-traumático¼. RESULTADOS: Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 5 artículos. Los estudios muestran que es común entre el personal sanitario la exposición al sufrimiento y a las experiencias traumáticas, suponiendo repercusiones negativas manifestadas a nivel físico, psicológico y cognitivo tras situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. Para algunos autores, el debriefing ofrece un lugar para descargar las emociones y reducir el impacto del estrés en la vida de los trabajadores de emergencia actuando como una red de apoyo para que dichos trabajadores puedan reconstruir sus experiencias y verbalizar sus pensamientos y sentimientos, así como reducir el impacto en sus vidas. Para otros en cambio, esta técnica no es eficaz para todos los profesionales y su uso puede conllevar consecuencias negativas. CONCLUSIONES: El debriefing es una intervención breve que promueve la catarsis. Sin embargo, existe una gran controversia sobre su eficacia y la manera de aplicar esta intervención. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la heterogeneidad existente en la aplicación de técnicas de catarsis en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencia y catástrofes.

Arte e catarse para Vigotski em Psicologia da Arte / Art and catharsis for Vigotski in Psychology of Art / Arte y catarsis para Vigotski en Psicología del Arte

Este artigo, de cunho teórico, pretende refletir sobre a concepção de arte apresentada pelo psicólogo russo Lev Semionovich Vigotski na obra Psicologia da Arte. O estudo destaca a importância da arte como mediação para a expressão e reelaboração emocional humana, por meio da reação estética expressa pela catarse na apreciação artística. A partir das contribuições de Vigotski, enfatiza-se o potencial criativo e transformador do homem sobre a obra de arte, propiciando a ressignificação humana em seu contexto cultural e histórico. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se o papel da arte e da vivência artística enquanto instrumentos essenciais à sociedade moderna para a reconexão com os aspectos sensíveis e subjetivos que integram a psique humana

This theoretical article intends to reflect on the conception of art presented by the Russian psychologist Lev Semionovich Vigotski in the work Psychology of Art. The study highlights the importance of art as mediation for human emotional expression and reprocessing, through the aesthetic reaction expressed by catharsis in artistic appreciation. From the contributions of Vygotsky, the creative and transformative potential of man on the work of art is emphasized, favoring human resignification in its cultural and historical context. In this sense, the role of art and artistic experience as essential instruments to modern society is emphasized for the reconnection with the sensitive and subjective aspects that integrate the human psyche

Este artículo, de cuño teórico, pretende reflexionar sobre la concepción de arte presentada por el psicólogo ruso Lev Semionovich Vigotski en la obra Psicología del Arte. El estudio destaca la importancia del arte como mediación para la expresión y reelaboración emocional humana, por medio de la reacción estética expresada por la catarsis en la apreciación artística. A partir de las contribuciones de Vigotski, se enfatiza el potencial creativo y transformador del hombre sobre la obra de arte, propiciando la resignificación humana en su contexto cultural e histórico. En ese sentido, se resalta el papel del arte y de la vivencia artística como instrumentos esenciales a la sociedad moderna para la reconexión con los aspectos sensibles y subjetivos que integran la psique humana

A transferência como meio de tratamento do outro e recurso de contenção à passagem ao ato na psicose / The transference as a way to treat the other and means of holding back the passage to the act in psychosis / La transferencia como medio de tratamiento del otro y como recurso de contención del pasaje al acto en la psicosis

Este artigo se propõe a investigar, com base no estudo de um caso clínico, de que modo a manobra da transferência na psicose nos permite apostar em sua eficácia como meio de tratamento do Outro e recurso de contenção à passagem ao ato nessa estrutura. Orientados pela leitura lacaniana, constatamos que, na psicose, o simbólico não opera na negativação do gozo, o que faz com que este retorne sobre o psicótico de forma maciça na figura de um Outro ameaçador. Consequentemente, a passagem ao ato nessa estrutura se configura como uma tentativa de extrair o excesso de gozo no campo do Outro. Diante dessa observação, a manobra da transferência seguiu como orientação o tratamento do Outro para fazer barreira ao transbordamento da pulsão, ou seja, uma modalidade de trabalho que buscou regular o gozo do Outro mediante estratégias criadas pelo que se mostrou possível na particularidade do caso.

The aim of this article is to investigate, based on a clinical case, the way the transference maneuver in psychosis allows us to rely on its efficacy as a way to treat the Other and means to hold back the passage to the act in this structure. Oriented by the reading of Lacan’s writing, we determined that in psychosis the symbolic does not operate in the negativity of the pleasure, which makes it returns over the psychotic subject in a fierce way as a frightening figure of the Other. Consequently, the passage to the act in this structure is pictured as an attempt to withdraw the excess of enjoyment from the Other’s field. In face of this observation, the transference maneuver took as guideline the treatment of the Other to block the overflow of the pulsion; in other words, a work modality that meant to regulate the enjoyment of the Other through strategies created by what was possible in this case.

Este artículo propone investigar, a partir del estudio de un caso clínico, de qué manera la transferencia en la psicosis nos permite apostar en su eficacia como medio de tratamiento del Otro, y como recurso de contención de pasar al acto en esa estructura. Guiados por la lectura Lacaniana, vimos que en la psicosis lo simbólico no opera en la negativización del goce, lo que hace que este vuelva sobre el psicótico de forma masiva en la figura de un Otro amenazador. Consecuentemente, el pasaje al acto en esa estructura se configura como una tentativa de extraer el exceso de goce en el campo del Otro. Frente a esa observación, la maniobra de transferencia continuó como orientación en el tratamiento del Otro para levantar una barrera en el transbordo de la pulsión, o sea, una modalidad de trabajo que buscó regular el goce del Otro a través de las estrategias creadas, como fue posible observar en la particularidad del caso.

Beyond catharsis: the nuanced emotion of patient storytellers in an educational role.

CONTEXT: As health care organisations seek to cultivate patient and family-centred care, patient storytelling has emerged as a valued educational resource. However, repeatedly harnessing patient perspectives to educate health care professionals may have consequences. We need robust insight into what it means to be a patient storyteller in order to ensure ethical and appropriate engagement with patients as an educational resource. METHODS: Constructivist grounded theory was used to explore the experience of patients involved in a storytelling curriculum as part of hospital staff continuing education. All 33 storytellers were invited by e-mail to participate in the study. Twenty-six storytellers responded to the invitation, and 25 could be scheduled to participate. Using theoretical sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed in a process that was inductive, iterative and comparative. RESULTS: Participants described the central role of emotions in their storytelling experience, which varied from 1 to 25 tellings over a period of 1 month to 2 years. These emotions were shaped by the passage of time, repetition of storytelling and audience acknowledgement. However, emotion remained unpredictable and had lingering implications for storytellers' vulnerability. CONCLUSION: The multiple storytelling experiences of our participants and ongoing educational nature of their role provides unique insight into how emotions ebb and flow across tellings, how emotions can be both a surprise and a rhetorical strategy, and how emotions are influenced by audience acknowledgement. These findings contribute to an emerging conversation regarding the power and politics of selecting and using storytellers for organisational purpose. Implications include how we support patient storytellers in educational roles and how we can sustainably integrate patient storytelling into health professional education.